• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a shaft (1) comprising functional bodies, such as a camshaft for internal combustion engines.
    公开号:FR3023595A1
    申请号:FR1560154
    申请日:2015-10-23
    公开日:2016-01-15
    发明作者:Manfred Vogel；Matthias Derse；Matthias Bechtold
    申请人:Neumayer Tekfor Holding GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a shaft comprising at least one functional body, such as a camshaft, manufactured separately from this shaft and fixed thereto, a camshaft which can be housed inside a combustion engine. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such shafts and internal combustion engines equipped with such shafts. Assembled camshafts, as well as methods for their manufacture, in which cams made for these shafts are fixed to a shaft, are known from DE-OS 198 31 333, 199 38 791 and 101 01 539. Such assembled camshafts provide a series of advantages over conventional forged camshafts. Thus, for example, thanks to the individualized manufacture of the cams and the fixing thereof, on the shaft, total cost reductions are obtained, all the more so since the forging tools, which are expensive and expensive, and manufacturing processes, are also removed, and one can, for the trees and cams, use different materials, and this, respectively optimally. When using hollow shafts, other advantages are obtained, namely a reduction in weight and cost. In addition, the principle of assembled camshafts makes much wider and much cheaper gaming tolerances possible for the manufacture of modifications, adaptations and variations. In addition, the costly quenching process of the entire tree can be suppressed.
    [0002] The fixing of camshafts, whether they are massive with molded cams forming a single piece, or whether they are camshafts assembled, has been achieved so far, either by sliding bearings, either by means of split rolling bearings, because closed bearings, therefore not divided, for use between two adjacent cams, could not be pushed by W cams having a larger diameter than the points of support. It was therefore not possible, for the reasons indicated above, to use camshafts as pre-assembled units and to use the mounting possibilities inherent in such pre-assembled units, and it was not possible nor to exploit the advantages of rolling bearings, such as lower power losses. Other shafts assembled within internal combustion engines to which the invention also relates are, for example, balance shafts and shafts of the like type. The disadvantages indicated above also apply to such assembled trees. The fasteners for such shafts in the corresponding crankcase parts of the internal combustion engine have heretofore also been designed as plain bearings or as split roller bearings. In any case, it is fasteners that are provided between two balancing counterweights. Therefore, the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the camshafts used hitherto (also those concerning other trees, in particular those in the case of which the diameter of the functional organs is greater than that of the points of support, and where the body of the tree extends through the functional organs). In particular, the mounting of the engines must be improved, simplified and less expensive, the power loss reduced and, therefore, the fuel saved. In addition, the manufacturing accuracy of functional bodies manufactured separately from the shafts and then axially engaged by pressing into a shape deviating from the circular shape must be improved. In particular, their functional surfaces and, therefore, in the case of cams, must be improved to improve their surfaces acting on the valve lifters. This object is achieved, in accordance with the invention, in the case of a shaft or an internal combustion engine equipped with such a shaft, in that for fixing the shaft, on which at least a functional body is axially engaged by pressure 25 and secured to rotate, the functional body is thus traversed by the shaft - for example what is called an "assembled camshaft" - that at least one bearing points is designed as a fixing on bearings with 30 bearings, where there is provided on the shaft, at least one element not divided, therefore closed, of a fixing on rolling bearings, and the shaft thus forms, with the element of a rolling bearing, at least one, a prefabricated assembly.
    [0003] Here, a rolling bearing, not divided, can be mounted on the shaft, so a rolling bearing of the type comprising an inner ring and an outer ring and rolling members provided between these rings. A second embodiment of a fixing on rolling bearings can be designed in such a way that the elements of the rolling bearings, namely rolling members comprising an undivided cage and an undivided outer ring, are mounted. on the shaft, and the rolling members roll directly on the shaft, a fastener without inner ring is therefore formed. A third embodiment of a fastener may be designed in such a way that only rolling members - for example needles held together by a divided cage - are mounted on the shaft, the rolling members rolling on the one hand directly on the shaft and, secondly, directly on rolling areas placed in the cylinder head. A fourth embodiment of a bearing on rolling bearings can be designed in such a way that a bearing inner race is mounted on the shaft, the rolling members being held together by an undivided cage. With regard to embodiments in which there is provided, directly on the shaft, at least one raceway for the running gear, so in the case of the second and third embodiments mentioned above, it may be appropriate that the shaft 35 consists here of a material which has the quality of bearing rings. The fulcrum can also be hardened and ground or machined to a high precision lathe. If a fastener comprising an inner ring is used, ie a complete bearing comprising an inner ring and an outer ring and rolling members, or a bearing comprising only an inner ring and rolling members, it can then be advantageously - in addition to the functional elements, such as the cams - the inner ring is also fixed axially on the shaft, secured in rotation, by a fit without play. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to exploit the advantages bearing bearings, by the fixing of shafts to concern also the radial extent of the fastening on examples in the case of cams, in particular those in which cams protrude, on the shaft, the radius of the housing of the bearing. Here, it is particularly advantageous that the camshaft is hollow, so that lubricating oil can then be passed through the hollow shaft where, for this purpose, a drilling starts from the hollow space, up to the point of support. In the case of use of a rolling bearing comprising an inner ring, it is suitable that an annular groove be provided in the inner region of the inner ring, or that such a groove be placed in the inner ring. the area of the bearing housing, groove in which the already mentioned piercing hole, through the shaft. Suitably, a bore, which opens on the one hand into the groove and, on the other hand, into the raceway of the rolling members, is placed in the inner ring of the bearing itself.
    [0004] In the case of the use of a bearing on rolling bearings, without an inner ring, and having an undivided outer ring and rolling bodies retained by an undivided cage, the radial bore mentioned is placed, as appropriate. , in the shaft, drilling which, in the region of the rolling members, opens into the raceway. In the same way, the supply of lubricant, in the case of a fixing without inner ring and without outer ring, can be achieved, therefore, only with a rolling member retained by an undivided cage. In the case of the use of a camshaft according to the invention, for example in a cylinder head, use in which the oil supply is carried out in a conventional manner, through holes provided in the cylinder head. Therefore, in the case of the use of a rolling bearing, with an outer ring, it may be appropriate for a ring-shaped groove to be provided in the outer contour of the outer ring and / or in the contour of the outer ring. the cylinder head surrounding the attachment, and that the outer ring has a bore - at least almost radially - from the groove and up to the raceway of the running gear. To limit the passage of oil flow, it may be advantageous to design the annular groove and / or drilling as a constriction, at least in a partial area. But it can also be provided a seal - also in one piece - on at least one side of the fastening on rolling bearings, but the seal is provided, advantageously, on both sides of the rolling members, since in the case of a suitable configuration of the sealing seals W, as split seals, these seals can produce a throttling effect. For axial guidance of the camshaft, cylinder head or engine block, it may be appropriate to use an axial bearing and a transverse bearing whose outer ring can be fixed in a recess in the cylinder head or the cylinder. engine block. But the axial fixation of the shaft can also be achieved by safety of form, obtained by means of a radial contour starting from the shaft and acting in conjunction with an opposite contour, at the level of the cylinder head or the block. engine. The radial contour starting from the shaft may be molded on the shaft, but the contour may be formed also by the disk engaged axially, by pressure, or similarly, or also by at least one retaining ring. However, the invention also applies to the fact that in the case of a balancing shaft for an internal combustion engine, this balancing shaft is manufactured as an assembled part, consisting of a base body of The shaft and balancing counterweight made separately from said base body of the shaft, these balancing counterweights being engaged axially, by sliding or by pressure, and axially fixed to said balancing shaft and being integral with each other. rotation with it, which balancing counterweights are appropriately applied according to one of the methods described in DE-OS 198 31 333, 199 38 791 or 101 01 539, where the fixing of these counterweights d The balancing can be carried out, in particular in the manner described, by at least one integral element of a rolling bearing. The invention further relates to internal combustion engines equipped with such shafts. The invention is not limited to camshafts or balance shafts, but it also relates to other shafts passing through a functional body engaged by sliding or pressure. Another inventive idea relates to the manufacture of so-called assembled trees, with oval functional bodies, for example camshafts in which cams are attached to a basic body of the tree. by axial pressure engagement. It appeared that in the case of such camshafts, in which the cams are ground only on their theoretical contour and then engaged by pressure, the outer shape of the cams deviates from the theoretical contour, so that the management of the cams engine functions be negatively influenced. Here, not only is the cylindrical fixing zone deformed, but deformations also occur in the boss area of the cam. Therefore, the other idea of the invention aims, at present, to avoid such deformations and, in particular, to produce camshafts in the case of which the outer contour of the functional bodies, thus for example cams. , is also, in the assembled state, to the W contour conforming to the specifications. This is achieved by the fact that during the grinding of the outer contour, there is a clamping of the cam, by its internal bore, by means of a clamping element, for example a chuck M hydraulic or mechanical clamping, where it a widening of the cam occurs which corresponds to the enlargement obtained after the assembly of the cam on the camshaft. As a result, the outer contour can be made exactly according to the target contour. Another inventive idea relates to the configuration of functional bodies, such as in particular cams for an assembled camshaft. The purpose of this part of the invention is to save material, to reduce the cost of camshafts and to reduce imbalance on camshafts. This is achieved according to the invention by the fact that a groove at least partially traversing the cam in the axial direction is introduced into the cam boss area. This groove may be continuous in the axial direction or, if appropriate, may pass only partially through the cam. The groove - seen in the 35 direction of the front face of the cam - may be crescent-shaped and be made only on one side, but also on both sides. But the throat can also be a continuous hollow, also at least almost circular in shape.
    [0005] It can be seen that a considerable part of the expensive material, which is used, if not in the case of solid cams, can be saved. The invention is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 1 shows a camshaft housed in a cylinder head. FIG. 2 shows a view of a cam along line II. FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along line III-III. The camshaft 1 assembled or compound according to FIG. 1 has cams 2 to 9 which are fixed on the base body 10 of the shaft by axial engagement, by pressure, both in the axial direction and in the axial direction. the circumferential direction. Bearing configurations 11 to 15, differently shaped in the embodiment shown and also axially engaged by sliding, are provided respectively between two adjacent cams. For the formation of the fastener shown 11, a complete ball bearing 17 comprising an outer ring 18 and a rolling bearing 19 and an inner ring 20 is used. The axial fixing of the camshaft 1 is ensured here by four retaining rings 21 to 24. But for the axial fixing of the bearing, on the base body of the shaft and, consequently, also of the camshaft, in the cylinder head, the inner ring as well as the cams may be axially fixed and secured in rotation to the base body 10 of the camshaft, and this by at least one of the methods described in the documents DE-OS 198 31 333, 199 38 791 or 101 01 539. In the case of the fulcrum 11, the lubrication of the bearing can be carried out particularly advantageously by the hollow space 25 placed in the base body 10, whereas, as shown below the median axis, there is provided in the basic body 10 of the shaft, a erage 26 which opens into a hollow space 27 of annular shape and provided in the inner ring 20, hollow space from which part again a radial bore 28 which ends in the raceway of the balls 19. In the embodiment shown above the median axis, the lubricant supply opening in the base body 10 of the shaft is indicated by the reference 26a, lubricant supply opening which opens into the hollow space 27a of annular shape, placed in the base body 10 of the shaft. In the area of this hollow space 27a, a bore 28 leads to the raceway of the balls 19. To limit the volume of lubricant passing through the bearing, the bore 28, the annular space 27 and the bore 28 can be designed as chokes, but they can also be provided as sealing members 29, 30 acting as a split seal.
    [0006] In the case of the configuration of the support points, as shown by the fulcrum 12, by way of example, the camshaft preassembled and comprising undivided elements of a fixing on rolling bearings, comprises both rolling members 31 which are retained by a cage 37 also undivided, the outer ring 32. For greasing, a bore 28 can again pass through the base body 10 of the shaft. For restricting the flow of lubricating oil, seals 34, 35 may be designed as split seals. The fixing of the outer ring 32 is carried out here by a shoulder 35 of annular shape, in the housing, and by a retaining ring 36, in the housing. The fixing of the camshaft, relative to the housing, is carried out by two shoulders 38 of annular shape, placed in the housing, and by a shoulder or disc 39 of annular shape which is fixed, also by axial engagement, by pressure, on the base body 10 of the shaft. Regarding a configuration of a fulcrum 13, only the element of a rolling bearing - namely the rolling members 40 -, appropriately retained by a single-piece cage 37, is pre-assembled, in the case of a camshaft manufactured as a pre-assembled unit. In the same way as for the fulcrum 11, the lubrication can also be performed by a piercing 28, also in the case of the fulcrum 13, the throttling of the oil flow being obtained by corresponding split seals. 33, 34.
    [0007] Regarding a configuration of a fulcrum 14, the pre-assembled unit, namely the camshaft, and at least undivided elements of a fixing on rolling bearings, comprise the inner ring 41 slidably engaged. on the bearing housing, or engaged by pressure, and the rolling members 42 which are retained by an undivided cage 43. Laterally with respect to the rolling members W, it can be provided again seals 33, 34. For the supply of lubricant, it can be provided, as in the case of the fulcrum 11, a bore 26 in the base body 10, further a hollow space 27 of annular shape, in the inner ring, and a bore 28 in the outer ring. But the annular hollow space can also be placed in the base body of the shaft, in the form of the annular space 27a from which the bore 28a then opens into the raceway. For the formation of fasteners corresponding to the fulcrum designated by the mark 15, the camshaft again comprises complete bearing bearings in the form of the needle bearing 44 comprising an inner ring 45 engaged by sliding or by pressure, an outer ring 46 and rolling members 47, a cage 48 and seals 49, M 50 designed as constrictions. The outer ring 46 can be fixed here axially - and also in the case of the fulcrum 11 - by a fit without play, and be used as bearing axial guide type.
    [0008] The supply of lubricant is carried out here, in the usual way, via an oil supply bore 51 provided in the cylinder head, to a hollow space 52 of annular shape applied around the outer race 45, up to a radial bore 53 provided in the outer ring. But the drilling 53 can also lead to a hollow space 54 of annular shape, provided in W the outer race 46 and thence through a passage 55 to the rolling surface of the rolling members 47 In the case of a configuration of the bearing points corresponding to the bearing point 12 or 13, a raceway for the running gear is provided directly on the base body of the shaft. In the case of such a configuration, it may be advantageous that the basic body of the shaft has the quality of bearing rings. But the bearing points of the shafts, in accordance with the support points 12, 13, can also be hardened, ground or machined to the high precision lathe.
    [0009] In the case of the configurations according to the bearing points designated by the markings 12 and 13, the bearing points provided for the outer raceways are machined having a quality accordingly.
    [0010] As already mentioned, the invention is not limited to camshafts, but also relates to other shafts, such as in particular balancing shafts, and thus to trees in which functional elements are used. beyond the diameter of the shaft and where the shaft continues to extend from both sides of the functional elements to their fulcrums, and the invention relates to the functional bodies of these balancing shafts which are fixed radially and secured in rotation, in particular by axial engagement, by pressure, as described for example in the documents DE-OS already mentioned. FIG. 2 shows the cam 3, in a view W corresponding to the line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the line III-III of FIG. 2. The cam 3 has a hole 60 and a partially cylindrical zone 61 which passes into a boss zone 62. In the boss zone 62 of the cam, a groove 63 is formed to save material and gain weight. The groove 63 may be designed also being continuous in the axial direction.
    [0011] Such cams are manufactured by appropriate machining, namely by forging, if appropriate by shot blasting, by turning machining of the bore 60, by turning machining of the bore, by work hardening, carried out at the assembly dimension, by 25 grinding of the circumferential contour and, where appropriate, by finishing sanding carried out at their final dimension. In the case of the axial engagement of the cams, by pressure, via their bore 60, the outer shape of the cams is however modified with respect to the predefined theoretical contour and this, not only in the cylindrical zone 61, but also in the zone 62. In order to obtain a shape of the cam corresponding exactly to the theoretical contour, even in the case of a cam engaged by pressure, the cam 3, during the grinding of the outer contour 64, is housed on a clamping device. through its inner bore 60 of circular shape, clamping device which widens the cam in the same way as in the case of axial engagement by pressure. To do this, the cam can then be housed on a mechanical or hydraulic clamping element which produces the same type of covering as in the case of the N cam engaged on the shaft, by pressure. As a result, the outer contour can be made exactly according to the target contour. After loosening the element, the resulting shape does not conform to the specifications, but after the cam is fitted, the target shape is again obtained.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Shaft comprising at least one functional body manufactured separately from the shaft and axially engaged by sliding on it and fixed in rotation therewith, a functional body which is traversed by the shaft, as so-called " 'assembled camshaft' which can be housed inside an internal combustion engine, where at least one bearing point W is formed by a fastening (11 to 15) on rolling bearings and provision is made on the shaft, at least one element (37), not divided, of a rolling bearing, wherein said rolling bearing comprises an inner ring 15 fixed on said shaft, wherein the attachment (11 to 15) is a fastener of the type comprising an inner ring and rolling members held together, wherein when using a rolling bearing (19) comprising an inner ring, the latter has, in its inner zone, a groove ring-shaped, wherein the inner ring (20) has a bore (2 6) extending at least almost radially and said shaft (1) is at least partially hollow, and in which the bore (26) ends on the one hand in the groove and on the other hand in the path rolling bearings (19).
    [0002]
    2. Shaft according to claim 1, wherein the fastener (11 to 15) is a fastener of the type without an outer ring.
    [0003]
    3. Shaft according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the groove and / or the hole are formed as a throat.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN101968073B|2012-07-18|
    CN101968073A|2011-02-09|
    CN101949312A|2011-01-19|
    FR2889568B1|2019-07-05|
    DE112006002732A5|2008-07-24|
    US7992533B2|2011-08-09|
    BRPI0614373B1|2019-02-26|
    FR2889568A1|2007-02-09|
    WO2007016913A3|2007-06-28|
    FR2998345B1|2015-12-04|
    FR3023595B1|2018-05-18|
    CN101258333B|2011-04-06|
    US20080173128A1|2008-07-24|
    WO2007016913A2|2007-02-15|
    CN101258333A|2008-09-03|
    BRPI0614373A2|2011-03-22|
    ITMI20061590A1|2007-03-06|
    FR2998345A1|2014-05-23|
    CN101949312B|2012-06-13|
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    法律状态:
    2015-10-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 10 |
    2016-08-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 11 |
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    2017-12-01| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20171201 |
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